Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: Books Puddle, New York, NY, USA
Zustand: New.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: Books Puddle, New York, NY, USA
Zustand: New. pp. 84.
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschland
EUR 41,05
Anzahl: Mehr als 20 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New.
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschland
EUR 41,05
Anzahl: Mehr als 20 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Nov 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This paper presents some of the gender and equity milestones that the country has implemented for over a decade now. To focus the analysis, this study will look at the ministerial policy statements of top five priority sectors of Health, Education, Agriculture, Water and Sanitation and Justice, Law and Order Sectors) for the fiscal year 2008/09 with a view to determining the extent to which gender and equity reforms have been deepened in the country. This work feeds into previous analyses (such as studies1, position papers2, statements3, public dialogues4) by a number of Civil Society Advocacy Groups (CS BAG)5 led by the Forum for Women in Democracy (FOWODE) as part of their advocacy work for the last ten years. Supplemented by the efforts of Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, the CSBAG has vigorously engaged in gender- based assessment of budgets and advocacy to ensure that both the local and national budgets incorporate the views of the poor and marginalized people; and they are pro-poor and gender sensitive. 60 pp. Englisch.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Mrz 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This study presents a theoretical model that links both squatting and land rental market participation in a two period framework; and further empirically examines the impact of households' demographic, behavioral and material characteristics on squatting and land rental market participation; using sample data from Masindi district, Western Uganda. Off-farm employment is found to be positively correlated with squatting, while renting in land and belonging to a Village Conservation Program are negative correlates. Looking at the broader standpoint of Natural Resource Management Systems, the analysis concludes that encouraging community forest management programs and policing as collective action intervention measures, among others, may help curb squatting. As regards land rental market participation, estimation results revealed a negative relationship between off-farm income and renting in land, implying that labour market constraints may be more important than liquidity constraints in the households' labour allocation decisions in production. 84 pp. Englisch.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Nov 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 3847303082 ISBN 13: 9783847303084
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Borrowing from external sources continues to form an important source of financing for Uganda; particularly as a means for supplementing domestic budget revenue shortfalls as well as financing the country s development programmes and projects. It is thus imperative that the country assesses both the quality and quantity of its future external financing inflows especially by taking into account the policies and procedures of its donors/creditors, financial terms as well as their volumes of assistance. Therefore, designing an effective debt assistance policy/strategy that will ensure external debt sustainability requires a comprehensive analysis of the donor/creditor lending practices in terms of their policies, procedures, volumes of support as well as the Country s own internal policy and institutional capabilities. 56 pp. Englisch.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: Majestic Books, Hounslow, Vereinigtes Königreich
EUR 79,35
Anzahl: 4 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New. Print on Demand.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: Majestic Books, Hounslow, Vereinigtes Königreich
EUR 79,67
Anzahl: 4 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New. Print on Demand pp. 84 2:B&W 6 x 9 in or 229 x 152 mm Perfect Bound on Creme w/Gloss Lam.
Sprache: Spanisch
Verlag: Ediciones Nuestro Conocimiento Feb 2021, 2021
ISBN 10: 6203327441 ISBN 13: 9786203327441
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -La transición a sistemas multipartidistas y reformas democráticas en Uganda durante más de dos décadas ha brindado una oportunidad única para estudiar los rápidos cambios en la supervisión parlamentaria y las funciones legislativas sobre los programas y políticas gubernamentales, particularmente en el presupuesto nacional, que cada vez se considera más como uno de los procesos más integradores de la gobernanza. Basta decir que un presupuesto nacional es una de las herramientas de política económica más importantes para cualquier gobierno y, por lo tanto, debe considerarse como un espejo financiero de las opciones económicas y sociales de la sociedad. Por lo tanto, como representantes del pueblo, los parlamentarios deben esforzarse por garantizar que la política (ya sea a nivel micro o macro) y las asignaciones presupuestarias estén mejor diseñadas para lograr resultados que beneficien de manera equitativa a todos los miembros de la sociedad, independientemente de sus diferencias. Por lo tanto, estudios como este, cuyo objetivo es desmitificar la información, los conceptos y las cifras presupuestarias, tanto para el personal como para los miembros del Parlamento, se consideran invaluables para el funcionamiento de los procesos parlamentarios. 60 pp. Spanisch.
Sprache: Spanisch
Verlag: Ediciones Nuestro Conocimiento Jun 2021, 2021
ISBN 10: 6203154849 ISBN 13: 9786203154849
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Durante las últimas dos décadas, Uganda ha implementado una serie de reformas del sector público; permitiendo que el país registre uno de los cambios económicos más impresionantes del África subsahariana. La toma de poder del general Idi Amin había provocado un período de inestabilidad e inseguridad políticas, que llevó a la economía a un período de decadencia prolongada. La mejora del conflicto impulsó un rápido crecimiento económico, que ahora se ha mantenido durante unos 20 años (Selassie, 2008). El impulso del crecimiento se ha mantenido fuerte, con un crecimiento económico real en promedio cercano al 8 por ciento durante los últimos 5 años. Muchos analistas han atribuido a menudo esta mejora y desempeño a la calidad de la gestión macroeconómica con mejoras relativas en los sistemas de gestión de las finanzas públicas. Sin embargo, estas reformas aún no han producido cambios significativos en la transformación estructural de la economía. En comparación con otras economías que han experimentado episodios tan prolongados de crecimiento sostenido, la economía de Uganda sigue dependiendo más de la agricultura de subsistencia; mientras que la reducción de la pobreza sigue siendo un desafío. 64 pp. Spanisch.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: Biblios, Frankfurt am main, HESSE, Deutschland
Zustand: New. PRINT ON DEMAND.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: Biblios, Frankfurt am main, HESSE, Deutschland
Zustand: New. PRINT ON DEMAND pp. 84.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 3847303082 ISBN 13: 9783847303084
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschland
EUR 41,05
Anzahl: Mehr als 20 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New. Dieser Artikel ist ein Print on Demand Artikel und wird nach Ihrer Bestellung fuer Sie gedruckt. Autor/Autorin: Hannington AshabaAshaba Hannington holds a BA degree in Economics from Makerere,University, Msc degree in Development and Natural Resources from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. He also holds various post graduate certific.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschland
EUR 41,05
Anzahl: Mehr als 20 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New. Dieser Artikel ist ein Print on Demand Artikel und wird nach Ihrer Bestellung fuer Sie gedruckt. Autor/Autorin: Hannington AshabaAshaba Hannington Kituruguma started working as a graduateEconomist in the Parliamentary Budget Office of Uganda in 2000,was confirmed as an Economist in 2002, promoted to SeniorEconomist,2006 and currently works as .
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschland
EUR 41,05
Anzahl: Mehr als 20 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New. Dieser Artikel ist ein Print on Demand Artikel und wird nach Ihrer Bestellung fuer Sie gedruckt. Autor/Autorin: Hannington AshabaAshaba Hannington: holds a BA:Economics and Rural Economy, Makerere-University and an Msc:Development and Natural Resource Economics from Norwegian University of Life Sciences. He has worked as an Economist in Ugand.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Nov 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: buchversandmimpf2000, Emtmannsberg, BAYE, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This paper presents some of the gender and equity milestones that the country has implemented for over a decade now. To focus the analysis, this study will look at the ministerial policy statements of top five priority sectors of Health, Education, Agriculture, Water and Sanitation and Justice, Law and Order Sectors) for the fiscal year 2008/09 with a view to determining the extent to which gender and equity reforms have been deepened in the country. This work feeds into previous analyses (such as studies1, position papers2, statements3, public dialogues4) by a number of Civil Society Advocacy Groups (CS BAG)5 led by the Forum for Women in Democracy (FOWODE) as part of their advocacy work for the last ten years. Supplemented by the efforts of Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, the CSBAG has vigorously engaged in gender- based assessment of budgets and advocacy to ensure that both the local and national budgets incorporate the views of the poor and marginalized people; and they are pro-poor and gender sensitive.VDM Verlag, Dudweiler Landstraße 99, 66123 Saarbrücken 60 pp. Englisch.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Mär 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: buchversandmimpf2000, Emtmannsberg, BAYE, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -This study presents a theoretical model that links both squatting and land rental market participation in a two period framework; and further empirically examines the impact of households'' demographic, behavioral and material characteristics on squatting and land rental market participation; using sample data from Masindi district, Western Uganda. Off-farm employment is found to be positively correlated with squatting, while renting in land and belonging to a Village Conservation Program are negative correlates. Looking at the broader standpoint of Natural Resource Management Systems, the analysis concludes that encouraging community forest management programs and policing as collective action intervention measures, among others, may help curb squatting. As regards land rental market participation, estimation results revealed a negative relationship between off-farm income and renting in land, implying that labour market constraints may be more important than liquidity constraints in the households'' labour allocation decisions in production.VDM Verlag, Dudweiler Landstraße 99, 66123 Saarbrücken 84 pp. Englisch.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Nov 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 3847303082 ISBN 13: 9783847303084
Anbieter: buchversandmimpf2000, Emtmannsberg, BAYE, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - Print on Demand Titel. Neuware -Borrowing from external sources continues to form an important source of financing for Uganda; particularly as a means for supplementing domestic budget revenue shortfalls as well as financing the country's development programmes and projects. It is thus imperative that the country assesses both the quality and quantity of its future external financing inflows especially by taking into account the policies and procedures of its donors/creditors, financial terms as well as their volumes of assistance. Therefore, designing an effective debt assistance policy/strategy that will ensure external debt sustainability requires a comprehensive analysis of the donor/creditor lending practices in terms of their policies, procedures, volumes of support as well as the Country's own internal policy and institutional capabilities.VDM Verlag, Dudweiler Landstraße 99, 66123 Saarbrücken 56 pp. Englisch.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 3847303082 ISBN 13: 9783847303084
Anbieter: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - Borrowing from external sources continues to form an important source of financing for Uganda; particularly as a means for supplementing domestic budget revenue shortfalls as well as financing the country s development programmes and projects. It is thus imperative that the country assesses both the quality and quantity of its future external financing inflows especially by taking into account the policies and procedures of its donors/creditors, financial terms as well as their volumes of assistance. Therefore, designing an effective debt assistance policy/strategy that will ensure external debt sustainability requires a comprehensive analysis of the donor/creditor lending practices in terms of their policies, procedures, volumes of support as well as the Country s own internal policy and institutional capabilities.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - This paper presents some of the gender and equity milestones that the country has implemented for over a decade now. To focus the analysis, this study will look at the ministerial policy statements of top five priority sectors of Health, Education, Agriculture, Water and Sanitation and Justice, Law and Order Sectors) for the fiscal year 2008/09 with a view to determining the extent to which gender and equity reforms have been deepened in the country. This work feeds into previous analyses (such as studies1, position papers2, statements3, public dialogues4) by a number of Civil Society Advocacy Groups (CS BAG)5 led by the Forum for Women in Democracy (FOWODE) as part of their advocacy work for the last ten years. Supplemented by the efforts of Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, the CSBAG has vigorously engaged in gender- based assessment of budgets and advocacy to ensure that both the local and national budgets incorporate the views of the poor and marginalized people; and they are pro-poor and gender sensitive.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. nach der Bestellung gedruckt Neuware - Printed after ordering - This study presents a theoretical model that links both squatting and land rental market participation in a two period framework; and further empirically examines the impact of households` demographic, behavioral and material characteristics on squatting and land rental market participation; using sample data from Masindi district, Western Uganda. Off-farm employment is found to be positively correlated with squatting, while renting in land and belonging to a Village Conservation Program are negative correlates. Looking at the broader standpoint of Natural Resource Management Systems, the analysis concludes that encouraging community forest management programs and policing as collective action intervention measures, among others, may help curb squatting. As regards land rental market participation, estimation results revealed a negative relationship between off-farm income and renting in land, implying that labour market constraints may be more important than liquidity constraints in the households' labour allocation decisions in production.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844324682 ISBN 13: 9783844324686
Anbieter: preigu, Osnabrück, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Squatting, Transaction Costs | and Land Rental Market Participation | Ashaba Hannington | Taschenbuch | 84 S. | Englisch | 2011 | LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing | EAN 9783844324686 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt, info[at]bod[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 384659976X ISBN 13: 9783846599761
Anbieter: preigu, Osnabrück, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Budgeting for Gender Equity | in Uganda | Ashaba Hannington | Taschenbuch | 60 S. | Englisch | 2011 | LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing | EAN 9783846599761 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt, info[at]bod[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.
Sprache: Englisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2011
ISBN 10: 3847303082 ISBN 13: 9783847303084
Anbieter: preigu, Osnabrück, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Indebtedness, Performance and Sustainability: | Perspectives on Uganda's Debt Sustainability after Debt Relief Initiatives | Ashaba Hannington | Taschenbuch | 56 S. | Englisch | 2011 | LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing | EAN 9783847303084 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt, info[at]bod[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu Print on Demand.
Sprache: Französisch
Verlag: Editions Notre Savoir Feb 2021, 2021
ISBN 10: 6203327468 ISBN 13: 9786203327465
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -La transition vers des systèmes multipartites et des réformes démocratiques en Ouganda depuis plus de deux décennies maintenant, a fourni une occasion unique d'étudier les changements rapides dans le contrôle parlementaire et les fonctions législatives sur les programmes et politiques gouvernementaux, en particulier sur le budget national, qui est de plus en plus considéré comme l'un des processus les plus intégrateurs de la gouvernance. Qu'il suffise de dire qu'un budget national est l'un des outils de politique économique les plus importants pour tout gouvernement et doit donc être considéré comme un miroir financier des choix économiques et sociaux de la société. Par conséquent, en tant que représentants du peuple, les membres du Parlement devraient s'efforcer de veiller à ce que les allocations politiques (que ce soit au niveau micro ou macro) et budgétaire soient mieux conçues pour obtenir des résultats qui bénéficient équitablement à tous les membres de la société, quelles que soient leurs différences. Par conséquent, des études comme celle-ci qui visent à démystifier les informations budgétaires, les concepts et les chiffres tant pour le personnel que pour les membres du Parlement sont considérées comme inestimables pour le fonctionnement des processus parlementaires. 60 pp. Französisch.
Sprache: Französisch
Verlag: Editions Notre Savoir Jun 2021, 2021
ISBN 10: 6203154857 ISBN 13: 9786203154856
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Au cours des deux dernières décennies, l'Ouganda a mis en oeuvre un certain nombre de réformes du secteur public; permettant au pays d'enregistrer l'un des redressements économiques les plus impressionnants en Afrique subsaharienne. La prise de pouvoir du général Idi Amin avait provoqué une période d'instabilité politique et d'insécurité, conduisant l'économie dans une période de déclin prolongé. L'amélioration des conflits a donné le coup d'envoi à une croissance économique rapide, qui se maintient depuis une vingtaine d'années (Selassie, 2008). La dynamique de croissance est restée forte, avec une croissance économique réelle avoisinant les 8% en moyenne au cours des 5 dernières années. De nombreux analystes ont souvent attribué cette amélioration et cette performance à la qualité de la gestion macroéconomique avec des améliorations relatives des systèmes de gestion des finances publiques. Cependant, ces réformes n'ont pas encore entraîné de changements significatifs dans la transformation structurelle de l'économie. Comparée à d'autres économies qui ont connu de si longs épisodes de croissance soutenue, l'économie ougandaise reste plus dépendante de l'agriculture de subsistance; tandis que la réduction de la pauvreté reste un défi. 64 pp. Französisch.
Sprache: Französisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Mai 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844393390 ISBN 13: 9783844393392
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The transition to multiparty systems and democratic reforms in Uganda for over two decades now, has provided a unique opportunity to study the rapid changes in Parliamentary oversight and legislative functions over government programs and policies, particularly on the national budget, which is increasingly being viewed as one of the most integrative processes in governance. Suffice to say, a national budget is one of the most important economic policy tools for any government and should therefore be viewed as a financial mirror of society's economic and social choices. Therefore, as People's representatives, Members of Parliament should strive to ensure that Policy (whether at Micro or Macro levels) and budgetary allocations are better designed to achieve outcomes, which equitably benefit all members of society irrespective of their differences. Therefore studies such as this which aim at demystifying budget information, concepts and numbers for both staff and members of Parliament are considered invaluable for the functioning of the Parliamentary processes. 56 pp. Französisch.
Sprache: Französisch
Verlag: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing Mrz 2011, 2011
ISBN 10: 3844325689 ISBN 13: 9783844325683
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, Deutschland
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Over the past two decades, Uganda has implemented a number of public sector reforms; enabling the country to register one of the most impressive economic turnarounds in Sub-Saharan Africa. General Idi Amin's power grab had prompted a period of political instability and insecurity, leading the economy into a period of prolonged decay. The amelioration of conflict, kick-started rapid economic growth, which has now been sustained for some 20 years (Selassie, 2008). The growth momentum has remained strong, with real economic growth averaging close to 8 percent over the last 5 years. Many analysts have often attributed this improvement and performance to the quality of macroeconomic management with relative improvements in public financial management systems. However, these reforms are yet to yield significant shifts in the structural transformation of the economy. Compared with other economies that have experienced such long episodes of sustained growth, the Ugandan economy remains more reliant on subsistence agriculture; while poverty reduction still remains a challenge. 68 pp. Französisch.
Sprache: Spanisch
Verlag: Ediciones Nuestro Conocimiento, 2021
ISBN 10: 6203327441 ISBN 13: 9786203327441
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschland
EUR 41,05
Anzahl: Mehr als 20 verfügbar
In den WarenkorbZustand: New. Dieser Artikel ist ein Print on Demand Artikel und wird nach Ihrer Bestellung fuer Sie gedruckt. Über den AutorrnrnAshaba Hannington Kiturugma started working as a graduateEconomist in the Budget Office of Parliament of Uganda in 2000,was confirmed as an Economist in 2002, promoted to SeniorEconomist,2006 and currently works as a Princ.