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Paperback. Zustand: New. Print on Demand. This book explores the evolution and development of research communities within the field of neural networks, a field inspired by theories of neurological processes in biological organisms. The author examines the sociological dimensions of the research community, focusing on two distinct phases: the "bootlegging" phase and the "bandwagon" phase. The book analyzes the characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors of researchers who enter the field during each phase and their underlying motivations and factors influencing their entry and exit decisions. Through a survey of 710 researchers, the author uncovers significant differences between "bootleggers" (those who enter during the early, underfunded phase) and "bandwagoners" (those who enter during the rapid growth phase). Delving into the thematic depth of these phases, the book sheds light on the challenges and opportunities faced by researchers in each phase, including funding availability, peer recognition, and perceived progress. The author also explores the factors that contribute to the transition between phases, providing insights into the dynamics of research community evolution. Ultimately, this book offers valuable perspectives on the nature of scientific research, particularly the role of individual researchers and the influence of social and economic factors on the development and institutionalization of new technologies. Its insights are not only relevant to the field of neural networks but also have broader implications for understanding the evolution of scientific communities in general. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.

Paperback. Zustand: New. Print on Demand. This book investigates how scientists in five countries - France, Germany, Japan, the UK, and the US - perform research and development. Focusing on neural networks, an emerging field in computer science, the author examines how the researchers' activities, institutional contexts, and collaboration patterns vary across national boundaries. The book offers a detailed comparison of scientists' involvement in the field, their persistence in research, and the extent of their collaboration and information exchange activities, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of scientific communities and the role of national contexts in shaping research practices. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.

Paperback. Zustand: New. Print on Demand. This book dives into the dynamics of technological communities and their crucial role in advancing knowledge. The author meticulously examines a worldwide community of neural network researchers to demonstrate how these communities foster information exchange among scientists and engineers. By comparing academic and industrial researchers, the book highlights the unique characteristics and contributions of each group, showcasing the diversity within these communities. Beyond this comparative analysis, the book explores the influence of early entrants to the field, emphasizing their pioneering spirit and dedication, and examines how their unwavering commitment shapes the direction of technological advancements. The author also discusses the significance of knowledge sharing and collaboration, underscoring the benefits that flow from open exchange of ideas within the community. This book is a valuable resource for understanding the dynamics of technological communities and their impact on the diffusion of knowledge. It provides a fresh perspective on the interplay between academia and industry, highlighting the importance of collaboration and the role of individual researchers in driving technological progress. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.

Paperback. Zustand: New. Print on Demand. This book explores the use of databases to uncover the dynamics of research communities, providing valuable insights into the evolution of science and technology. The author discusses how examining the structural and behavioral characteristics of these communities through data from bibliographic and patent databases can reveal patterns of growth, mobility, collaboration, and innovation. By analyzing these dynamics, researchers can understand how ideas spread, technologies emerge, and scientific fields develop over time. This book contributes significantly to the study of innovation and technological progress, offering a framework for monitoring and interpreting the development of emerging technologies within the context of broader research communities. Its findings have implications for research management, policymaking, and our understanding of the social and organizational aspects of scientific advancement. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.

Paperback. Zustand: New. Print on Demand. This book examines the role of students in science and technological pioneering through a comparative study of neural network scientists. Pioneers who initiate research in the field during their studies are compared to those entering afterward, and to peers who join the field once it gains recognition. The author finds that pioneering students are remarkably similar to other academic pioneers in their motivations for entering and persisting in the field, despite common assumptions about student naivety and susceptibility to conventional wisdom. This suggests that the pioneering spirit may originate early in a scientist's career, challenging the traditional view of problem choice in science as determined solely by cognitive factors within science or social dynamics. The book's insights shed new light on the potential contribution of students to the emergence of new fields and the importance of nurturing pioneering spirit in education. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.

Paperback. Zustand: New. Print on Demand. This book explores the role of young scientists in advancing scientific understanding. It examines the historical experiences of influential scientists like Lavoisier, Darwin, and Planck, who believed that scientific progress was driven by the enthusiasm and fresh perspectives of young researchers. The author analyzes empirical studies on the relationship between age and scientific innovation, acknowledging mixed results but highlighting evidence that younger scientists may be more receptive to new ideas. The book discusses the challenges young scientists face, including resistance from established researchers and the need to navigate scientific controversies. It emphasizes the importance of intellectual independence and providing opportunities for young scientists to explore new research paths. Ultimately, the book argues that encouraging and supporting young scientists is crucial for the growth and vitality of scientific knowledge. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.

Paperback. Zustand: New. Print on Demand. This book delves into the dynamics of research and development communities, shedding light on their role in the emergence of new technologies. The author proposes a three-phase model to illustrate the evolution of these communities, wherein researchers' motivations and behaviors differ depending on whether they join during the initial "bootlegging" phase or a later "bandwagon" phase. Using a survey of 720 neural network researchers, the book analyzes the contrasting experiences of these two groups. It highlights the influence of external factors on researchers' entry and exit decisions, and examines their preferences for disseminating new knowledge. The findings suggest that researcher communities can significantly impact technological progress, and the book calls for further investigation into their dynamics. By understanding the role of these communities, we can better comprehend the process of technological development and its broader implications. This book is a reproduction of an important historical work, digitally reconstructed using state-of-the-art technology to preserve the original format. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in the book. print-on-demand item.