Shing muller (40 Ergebnisse)
- Softcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPrices, Columbia, MD, USAGreatBookPrices
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 38,99
EUR 2,31 VersandVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 2 verfügbar
Zustand: New.
- Softcover
Anbieter: PBShop.store US, Wood Dale, IL, USAPBShop.store US
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 41,38
Versand nach gratisVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
PAP. Zustand: New. New Book. Shipped from UK. Established seller since 2000.
- Softcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPrices, Columbia, MD, USAGreatBookPrices
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Gebraucht - Wie neu
EUR 39,28
EUR 2,31 VersandVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 2 verfügbar
Zustand: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.
- Softcover
Anbieter: Chiron Media, Wallingford, Vereinigtes KönigreichChiron Media
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 35,67
EUR 18,08 VersandVersand von Vereinigtes Königreich nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
paperback. Zustand: New.
- Softcover
- Erstausgabe
Anbieter: ISD LLC, Bristol, CT, USAISD LLC
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 54,93
Versand nach gratisVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 3 verfügbar
paperback. Zustand: New. 1st.
- Softcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPricesUK, Woodford Green, Vereinigtes KönigreichGreatBookPricesUK
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 38,65
EUR 17,51 VersandVersand von Vereinigtes Königreich nach USAAnzahl: 2 verfügbar
Zustand: New.
- Hardcover
- Erstausgabe
Anbieter: ISD LLC, Bristol, CT, USAISD LLC
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 58,93
Versand nach gratisVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
hardcover. Zustand: New. 1st.
- Softcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPricesUK, Woodford Green, Vereinigtes KönigreichGreatBookPricesUK
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Gebraucht - Wie neu
EUR 41,61
EUR 17,51 VersandVersand von Vereinigtes Königreich nach USAAnzahl: 2 verfügbar
Zustand: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.
- Softcover
Anbieter: BuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K., Bergisch Gladbach, DeutschlandBuchWeltWeit Ludwig Meier e.K.
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 48,00
EUR 23,00 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494-534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398-494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the d…erogatory idea that Pingcheng was a latifundium inhabited by 'barbarians,' since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to 'becoming Chinese.' Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions. The authors focus on the people(s) in Pingcheng. Zhang's epigraphic study is devoted to a Xianbei family that arose during the Pingcheng period and remained closely intertwined with the imperial court in the following centuries. Using burial finds, Müller explores the diversity and foreignness of funerary customs and artifacts, the ways in which different ethnic groups communicated and interacted, and the emergence of a new collective identity that was anything but Chinese. 184 pp. Englisch.
- Softcover
Anbieter: Revaluation Books, Exeter, Vereinigtes KönigreichRevaluation Books
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 61,57
EUR 11,67 VersandVersand von Vereinigtes Königreich nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Paperback. Zustand: Brand New. 190 pages. 6.85x0.47x9.53 inches. In Stock.
- Softcover
Anbieter: Rheinberg-Buch Andreas Meier eK, Bergisch Gladbach, DeutschlandRheinberg-Buch Andreas Meier eK
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 48,00
EUR 23,00 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494-534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398-494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the d…erogatory idea that Pingcheng was a latifundium inhabited by 'barbarians,' since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to 'becoming Chinese.' Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions. The authors focus on the people(s) in Pingcheng. Zhang's epigraphic study is devoted to a Xianbei family that arose during the Pingcheng period and remained closely intertwined with the imperial court in the following centuries. Using burial finds, Müller explores the diversity and foreignness of funerary customs and artifacts, the ways in which different ethnic groups communicated and interacted, and the emergence of a new collective identity that was anything but Chinese. 184 pp. Englisch.
- Softcover
Anbieter: Wegmann1855, Zwiesel, DeutschlandWegmann1855
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 48,00
EUR 25,95 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494-534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398-494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the d…erogatory idea that Pingcheng was alatifundiuminhabited by 'barbarians,' since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to 'becoming Chinese.' Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions.The authors focus on the people(s) in Pingcheng. Zhang's epigraphic study is devoted to a Xianbei family that arose during the Pingcheng period and remained closely intertwined with the imperial court in the following centuries. Using burial finds, Müller explores the diversity and foreignness of funerary customs and artifacts, the ways in which different ethnic groups communicated and interacted, and the emergence of a new collective identity that was anything but Chinese.
- Softcover
Anbieter: Grand Eagle Retail, Bensenville, IL, USAGrand Eagle Retail
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 76,53
Versand nach gratisVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Paperback. Zustand: new. Paperback. Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494-534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398-494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the d…erogatory idea that Pingcheng was a latifundium inhabited by "barbarians," since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to "becoming Chinese." Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions. The volume is the result of a conference on "Culture and Cultural Diversity in Early Medieval China (4th to 7th Century) held in January 2017 in Munchen. Twenty papers presented during the workshop represent the latest research on the people(s) in Pingcheng written by outstanding scholars in both Chinese and English. The volume is the result of a conference on "Culture and Cultural Diversity in Early Medieval China (4th to 7th Century) held in January 2017 in Munchen. Twenty papers presented during the workshop represent the latest research on the people(s) in Pingcheng written by outstanding scholars in both Chinese and English. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.
- Softcover
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschlandmoluna
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 35,07
EUR 48,99 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Zustand: New.
- Softcover
Anbieter: Kennys Bookshop and Art Galleries Ltd., Galway, GY, IrlandKennys Bookshop and Art Galleries Ltd.
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 81,95
EUR 10,50 VersandVersand von Irland nach USAAnzahl: 2 verfügbar
Zustand: New. 2024. paperback. . . . . .
Guangdong : Archaeology and Early Texts /Archaologie Und Fruhe Texte Zhou-tang
Muller, Shing (EDT); Hollmann, Thomas O. (EDT); Gui, Putao (EDT)
- Hardcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPrices, Columbia, MD, USAGreatBookPrices
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Gebraucht - Wie neu
EUR 97,04
EUR 2,31 VersandVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Zustand: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.
Guangdong : Archaeology and Early Texts /Archaologie Und Fruhe Texte Zhou-tang
Muller, Shing (EDT); Hollmann, Thomas O. (EDT); Gui, Putao (EDT)
- Hardcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPrices, Columbia, MD, USAGreatBookPrices
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 97,74
EUR 2,31 VersandVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Zustand: New.
- Hardcover
- Erstausgabe
Anbieter: Grand Eagle Retail, Bensenville, IL, USAGrand Eagle Retail
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 100,13
Versand nach gratisVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Hardcover. Zustand: new. Hardcover. This book contains eleven articles in English and German which were presented to an international symposium in 2003. The papers discuss various aspects of the early history of the area now called Guangdong. They deal with material and textual evidence collected from Chinese sources. It is show…n that Guangdong maintained strong relations with both the North and the maritime world and that, at the same time, it also maintained distinct cultural features of its own.From the table of contents (11 contributions): F. Allard, Linggnan and Chu during the First Millennium B.C.: A Reassessment of the Core-Periphery ModelS. Muller, Graber in Guangdong wahrend der Zhanguo-ZeitM. Loewe, Guangzhou: the Evidence of the Standard Histories from the Shi ji to the Chen shu, a Preliminary SurveyT.O. Hollmann, Ruinen der Zuversicht: Bemerkungen zur Architektur in Guangzhou wahrend der Han-Dynastie (206 v. Chr. bis 220 n. Chr.)A. Kieser, "Nur Guangzhou ist ruhig und friedlich" Grabkult und Migration wahrend der Sechs Dynastien im heutigen GuangdongG. Wade, Lady Sinn and the Southward Expansion of China in the Sixth CenturyC. Schulten, Tang-zeitliche Grabkultur im Gebiet der heutigen Provinz Guangdong Papers from an international conference held at the Institute of Sinology, Munich University in March 2003. Shipping may be from multiple locations in the US or from the UK, depending on stock availability.
- Softcover
Anbieter: preigu, Osnabrück, Deutschlandpreigu
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 35,75
EUR 70,00 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Peoples of Pingcheng (398-494): | Cultural Diversity and Interaction | Thomas O. Höllmann (u. a.) | Taschenbuch | Asiatische Forschungen | VI | Englisch | 2024 | Harrassowitz Verlag | EAN 9783447123082 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Harrassowitz Verlag GmbH & [.], Steffen Schickling, Kreuzberger…Ring 7C-D, 65205 Wiesbaden, produktsicherheit[dot]verlag[at]harrassowitz[dot]de | Anbieter: preigu.
- Softcover
Anbieter: buchversandmimpf2000, Emtmannsberg, BAYE, Deutschlandbuchversandmimpf2000
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 48,00
EUR 60,00 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494-534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398-494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the d…erogatory idea that Pingcheng was alatifundiuminhabited by 'barbarians,' since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to 'becoming Chinese.' Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions.The authors focus on the people(s) in Pingcheng. Zhang's epigraphic study is devoted to a Xianbei family that arose during the Pingcheng period and remained closely intertwined with the imperial court in the following centuries. Using burial finds, Müller explores the diversity and foreignness of funerary customs and artifacts, the ways in which different ethnic groups communicated and interacted, and the emergence of a new collective identity that was anything but Chinese.Harrassowitz Verlag, Kreuzberger Ring 7c-d, 65205 Wiesbaden 184 pp. Englisch.
- Softcover
Anbieter: AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, DeutschlandAHA-BUCH GmbH
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 48,58
EUR 62,40 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494-534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398-494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the…derogatory idea that Pingcheng was a latifundium inhabited by 'barbarians,' since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to 'becoming Chinese.' Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions. The authors focus on the people(s) in Pingcheng. Zhang's epigraphic study is devoted to a Xianbei family that arose during the Pingcheng period and remained closely intertwined with the imperial court in the following centuries. Using burial finds, Müller explores the diversity and foreignness of funerary customs and artifacts, the ways in which different ethnic groups communicated and interacted, and the emergence of a new collective identity that was anything but Chinese.
- Softcover
Anbieter: Kennys Bookstore, Olney, MD, USAKennys Bookstore
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 105,80
EUR 9,18 VersandVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 2 verfügbar
Zustand: New. 2024. paperback. . . . . . Books ship from the US and Ireland.
- Hardcover
- Erstausgabe
Anbieter: ISD LLC, Bristol, CT, USAISD LLC
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 122,46
Versand nach gratisVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 2 verfügbar
hardcover. Zustand: New. 1st.
Guangdong : Archaeology and Early Texts /Archaologie Und Fruhe Texte Zhou-tang
Muller, Shing (EDT); Hollmann, Thomas O. (EDT); Gui, Putao (EDT)
- Hardcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPricesUK, Woodford Green, Vereinigtes KönigreichGreatBookPricesUK
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Gebraucht - Wie neu
EUR 105,14
EUR 17,51 VersandVersand von Vereinigtes Königreich nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Zustand: As New. Unread book in perfect condition.
- Hardcover
Anbieter: Kennys Bookshop and Art Galleries Ltd., Galway, GY, IrlandKennys Bookshop and Art Galleries Ltd.
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 109,24
EUR 10,50 VersandVersand von Irland nach USAAnzahl: 10 verfügbar
Zustand: New. 2004. Bilingual. hardcover. . . . . .
Guangdong : Archaeology and Early Texts /Archaologie Und Fruhe Texte Zhou-tang
Muller, Shing (EDT); Hollmann, Thomas O. (EDT); Gui, Putao (EDT)
- Hardcover
Anbieter: GreatBookPricesUK, Woodford Green, Vereinigtes KönigreichGreatBookPricesUK
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 118,93
EUR 17,51 VersandVersand von Vereinigtes Königreich nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Zustand: New.
Guangdong: Archaeology and Early Texts /Archaologie Und Fruhe Texte (Zhou-tang)
Gui, Putao (Editor)/ Hollmann, Thomas O. (Editor)/ Muller, Shing (Editor)
- Hardcover
Anbieter: Revaluation Books, Exeter, Vereinigtes KönigreichRevaluation Books
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 124,24
EUR 14,59 VersandVersand von Vereinigtes Königreich nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Hardcover. Zustand: Brand New. bilingual edition. 267 pages. 9.50x6.75x0.75 inches. In Stock.
- Hardcover
Anbieter: moluna, Greven, Deutschlandmoluna
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 93,36
EUR 48,99 VersandVersand von Deutschland nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Zustand: New. KlappentextrnrnThis book contains eleven articles in English and German which were presented to an international symposium in 2003. The papers discuss various aspects of the early history of the area now called Guangdong. They deal with material.
- Hardcover
Anbieter: Kennys Bookstore, Olney, MD, USAKennys Bookstore
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 137,69
EUR 9,18 VersandVersand innerhalb von USAAnzahl: 10 verfügbar
Zustand: New. 2004. Bilingual. hardcover. . . . . . Books ship from the US and Ireland.
- Softcover
Anbieter: AussieBookSeller, Truganina, VIC, AustralienAussieBookSeller
Verkäufer/-in kontaktierenVerkäufer/-in mit 5 SternenZustand: Neu
EUR 121,38
EUR 32,35 VersandVersand von Australien nach USAAnzahl: 1 verfügbar
Paperback. Zustand: new. Paperback. Compared to the later capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Luoyang (494-534), Pingcheng on the northern border of the Chinese world has received less scholarly attention despite its far longer capital status (398-494). The main reason is the lack of written sources. In addition, there is the d…erogatory idea that Pingcheng was a latifundium inhabited by "barbarians," since the rulers of the Northern Wei were the Tuoba Xianbei from the eastern steppe, who established the first long-term foreign control over northern China. Traditionally, Luoyang is the epitome of the sinicized Tuoba Xianbei, while Pingcheng represents the state of the Tuoba Xianbei who were on the way to "becoming Chinese." Excavations show that Pingcheng, which was built on the ruins of a garrison from the Han-Dynasty, arose from nothing and the inhabitants came from outside. Burial finds indicate a steadily growing population, which is said to have reached one million in its prime. At first, tombs were erected to indicate their steppe origins. New rites and artifacts emerged in spurts. This corresponds to written records, according to which the city was mainly populated by steppe warriors, followed by forcibly relocated peoples from all conquered northern Chinese regions. The volume is the result of a conference on "Culture and Cultural Diversity in Early Medieval China (4th to 7th Century) held in January 2017 in Munchen. Twenty papers presented during the workshop represent the latest research on the people(s) in Pingcheng written by outstanding scholars in both Chinese and English. The volume is the result of a conference on "Culture and Cultural Diversity in Early Medieval China (4th to 7th Century) held in January 2017 in Munchen. Twenty papers presented during the workshop represent the latest research on the people(s) in Pingcheng written by outstanding scholars in both Chinese and English. Shipping may be from our Sydney, NSW warehouse or from our UK or US warehouse, depending on stock availability.
