grin verlag apr 2011 (Mehr als 1.500 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Biologie - Evolution, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Mit den bisher im weißblauen Freistaat nachgewiesenen Gattungen der ¿Schreckensechsen¿ befasst sich das Taschenbuch ¿Dinosaurier in Bayern¿: Dabei handelt es sich um Cetiosauriscus, Compsognathus, Juravenator und Plateosaurus. Bereits 1834 wurde der bis zu 10 Meter lange pflanzenfressende Plateosaurus bei Heroldsberg unweit von Nürnberg entdeckt. Von ihm kennt man in Deutschland mehr als 50 Fundstellen. 1858 kam der räuberische Compsognathus vermutlich bei Jachenhausen nahe Riedenburg zum Vorschein. Dieses kaum 90 Zentimeter lange Tier betrachtete man früher als kleinsten Dinosaurier der Erde. 1978 barg man zwischen Kulmbach und Kronach fossile Knochen, die vom pflanzenfressenden Cetiosauriscus stammen sollen. Er gehört zu den Elefantenfuß-Dinosauriern mit kleinem Kopf, langem Hals, elefantenförmigen Beinen und peitschenartigem Schwanz. 1998 gelang in Schamhaupten bei Eichstätt der bislang weltweit einmalige Fund des Raub-Dinosaurier Juravenator. Jener ¿Jäger des Juragebirges¿ ereichte eine Länge von rund 75 bis 80 Zentimetern. Autor des Taschenbuches ¿Dinosaurier in Bayern¿ ist der in Bayern geborene und heute in Wiesbaden lebende Wissenschaftsautor Ernst Probst, der etliche Werke über Dinosaurier und andere Tiere der Urzeit veröffentlicht hat.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Politik - Internationale Politik - Thema: Europäische Union, Note: 1,7, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (Institut für Politische Wissenschaft), Veranstaltung: Einführung in die Europäische Union, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Energie- und klimapolitische Themen sind seit geraumer Zeit sowohl in der Medienlandschaft als auch in der Politik dauerpräsent. Medienwirksam präsentierte Projekte wie die Wüstenstrom-Initiative Desertec oder die geplante Nabucco-Pipeline erwecken das Interesse der europäischen Bevölkerung genauso wie die im Dezember 2009 anstehende Weltklimakonferenz in Kopenhagen. Auch innerhalb der Europäischen Union (EU) nimmt die Energie- und Klimapolitik eine gewichtige Rolle ein, denn nicht zuletzt beinhaltet 'die Europäische Einigung [.] von Beginn an auch die Idee einer Energiegemeinschaft' (Geden/Fischer 2008: 23). Allerdings handelt es sich bei der europäischen Energiepolitik um ein schwer fassbares Politikfeld. So fordern die Bürger der EU eine sichere, billige und umweltfreundliche Energieversorgung. Herunter brechen lässt sich diese komplexe Interessenslage hierbei auf drei zentrale Ziele der Europäischen Energiepolitik (auch bekannt als das energiepolitische Zieldreieck): Versorgungssicherheit, Umweltverträglichkeit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Die Metapher des Dreiecks soll in diesem Fall verdeutlichen, dass die Ziele sich bedingen, mitunter aber auch in Konkurrenz treten. Bei genauerer Betrachtung dieses Zieldreiecks stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob die EU allen drei Zielen dieselbe Aufmerksamkeit zukommen lässt. Daher steht im Zentrum dieser Arbeit folgende Fragestellung: Lassen sich unterschiedliche Erfolge bzw. unterschiedlich weitreichende Integrationsschritte bezüglich des energiepolitischen Zieldreiecks der EU ausmachen und wenn ja: Wie lässt sich dieser Befund erklären Im Verlauf dieser Arbeit wird daher herausgearbeitet werden, dass es eine wahrnehmbare Verlagerung zugunsten der Umweltverträglichkeit gibt. Dieser Befund soll aus integrationstheoretischer Perspektive betrachtet und erklärt werden - genauer aus Sicht des Liberalen Intergouvernementalismus nach Moravcsik. In einem ersten Schritt wird jedoch zunächst ein Grundwissen über die Energiepolitik der EU erarbeitet werden. Hierzu sollen die drei Ziele des energiepolitischen Dreiecks umrissen werden: Vor welchen Herausforderungen steht die EU jeweils und welche Lösungsansätze werden aktuell in der EU diskutiert.Ausgestattet mit diesem Wissen widmet sich diese Arbeit der Beantwortung der zentralen Fragestellung. 24 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Sozialpsychologie, Note: 1,3, Georg-Simon-Ohm-Hochschule Nürnberg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Fachkräfte unterschiedlicher Professionen werden häufig damit konfrontiert, das Vorliegen bzw. Eintreten einer Kindeswohlgefährdung einzuschätzen. Dieser Prozess gestaltet sich in den meisten Fällen als sehr schwierige, herausfordernde und eher unangenehme Aufgabe, da mit einer fälschlichen Feststellung beziehungsweise Nicht-Feststellung des Misshand-lungsrisikos ernsthafte Konsequenzen für Kind und Familie (bspw. eine grundlose Entziehung des Sorgerechts bzw. das Unterlassen einer Therapie bei einem misshandelnden Elternteil) erwartet werden können. Viele Fachkräfte fühlen sich mit dieser Machtposition bei der Entscheidungsfindung in der Praxis unsicher und stehen weiter unter enormem psychischen, aber auch gesetzlichen Druck: So kann es beispielsweise von der Qualität des Handels abhängen, ob weitere Gefährdungsereignisse abgewehrt, grundlose Trennungen zu entgehen versucht und allgemein förderliche Lebens- und Entwicklungsbedingungen für ein Kind bewirkt werden können. Dieses hohe Maß an Bedeutung professionellen Handelns hat in Deutschland und international eine intensive Diskussion ausgelöst, adäquate Verfahren zu entwickeln, mit dem Ziel, Kinder besser zu schützen und Fachkräften Instrumente an die Hand zu geben, auf die sie ihre Entscheidung stützen können. Bei der Ausarbeitung und Implementierung solcher (standardisierten) Vorgehensweisen hinkt Deutschland im internati-onalen Vergleich jedoch stark hinterher.Ziel dieser Studienarbeit ist es daher, ausgewählte internationale Instrumente vorzustellen, die für die Bewältigung einzelner Einschätzungsaufgaben bei Verdacht auf Kindeswohlge-fährdung herangezogen werden können. Die zentralen Fragen, die in dieser Studienarbeit aufgegriffen werden sollen, lauten demnach wie folgt: Wie wird der Kinderschutz in anderen Ländern organisiert Welche Institution ist dort für die Entscheidungsfindung zuständig und durch welche Instrumente wird dieser Prozess gestaltet 36 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Project Report from the year 2007 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: In nearly all countries, municipalities own or control substantial amounts of real estate, but few municipal governments think of their holdings as a ¿portfoliö whose composition might be modified to better serve public purposes. Economists therefore propose that legal and institutional frameworks should be set up in order to enable efficient real property asset management on the local level. However, there are good reasons why municipalities may only participate in economic life in exceptional cases. One reason arises from private law: local authority economic enterprises should not be in competition with the private sector in the free market economy. Another reason is derived from public law: activity and involvement in competition are associated with risks for the municipality. Those risks local authorities should not expose themselves to.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Philosophy - Philosophy of the 20th century, , language: English, abstract: the present study engages with the questions of subject and the activity of truth-telling in the context of the problem of language that frequently appears in Foucault since his appearance in French academics. It asks the questions: what is the mode of existence of language and being in Foucault and how are they related What is a sign Can one actually understand a sign in itself If neither the cogito (I think) can lead to an affirmation of being, nor the affirmation ¿I speak¿ has it the autonomy to stand on its own, how one can relate oneself to truth Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Forschungsarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Weltgeschichte - Frühgeschichte, Antike, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die 'Wesensgleichheit' (homoousios), zentraler Begriff der christlichen Theologie, der das Verhältnis Jesu zu Gottvater beschreibt, fiel nicht vom Himmel. Dreihundert Jahrelang haben die christlichen Gemeinden um die Frage gerungen, wie Jesus zu verstehen sei, dreihundert Jahren lang dominiert die Auffassung, dass Jesus ein Prophet, ein herausgehobener Übermensch, ein Geschaffener, aber nicht Gott sei. Auf dem Konzil von Nicäa (325) sollte nun endlich Klarheit geschaffen werden.Das Konzil wird von Kaiser Konstantin I. (reg. 306-337) geleitet. Ob dieser überhaupt christlich gewesen ist, und wenn ja in welcher Ausprägung, lassen wir zunächst offen. Getauft jedenfalls war der Herrscher zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht. Seine spätere 'Taufe auf dem Sterbebett' im Jahre 337 ist, abgesehen von der fragwürdigen Zuverlässigkeit der überlieferten Texte, ebenfalls kein Hinweis auf ausgeprägte Christlichkeit. Denn Konstantin wird, wenn überhaupt, arianisch, alsohäretisch getauft. Ein Umstand, der in den meisten Konstantin-Biographen verschwiegen wird.Ein römischer Kaiser zweifelhafter Religiösität leitet also das erste ökumenische Konzil der Christen, bei dem die rätselhafte Formel von der Wesensgleichheit gefunden und dogmatisiert wird. Die Theologen meinen, Konstantin habe den Bischöfen freie Hand gelassen. Aber den Vorsitz zu führen und zu schweigen, das ist nicht Art der römischen Kaiser, die sich selbst 'Herr und Gott' nennen. Wenn ein Kaiser ein Konzil einberuft, dann hat er auch das Sagen. So hat es noch Ende des vierten Jahrhundert Kaiser Theodosius (reg. 379-395) gehalten, der mit rund sechzig Erlassen dastrinitarische Christentum zur Staatskirche erhebt (Cunctos populos, 380 u.Z.). Von einer Konsultation mit den Bischöfen weiß die Überlieferung nichts zu berichten.Was für ein Verdacht! Der ungetaufte Kaiser Konstantin, Häretiker oder Ketzer, setzt im Jahre 325 die umstrittene Gottesformel 'Wesensgleichheit' durch und sein Nachfolger Kaiser Theodosius bestätigt im Jahre 380 diese Formel, erweitert sie um den 'Heiligen Geist' und macht die trinitarische Konfession des Christentums zur Staatskirche! Die folgende Studie geht dem Verdacht nach. Sie faßt die Ergebnisse einer vorbereitenden Detailstudie zusammen, die für das umfassende Werk 'Kaiser Konstantin und die wilden Jahre des Christentums. Die Legende vom ersten christlichen Kaiser' benötigt wurde. 32 pp. Deutsch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: Distinction, University of Edinburgh (School of Law), course: Regulatory governance in the European Union, language: English, abstract: The aim of this paper is threefold: first to establish how the regulatory and supervisory architecture has evolved in Europe over the last decade; second to determine how the shortcomings of the present system affected the onslaught of the financial crisis in Europe; and lastly to evaluate whether the proposed regulatory and supervisory reforms are likely to successfully repair these weaknesses. Part I identifies that the single market objective, combined with the significant integration of European financial services, provided the major impetus for bringing about reform to the regulatory and supervisory architecture of Europe. By investigating the Financial Services Action Plan (FSAP) and the implementation of the Lamfalussy Process, this paper illustrates that the member states and the EU institutions sought to achieve a flexible regulatory and supervisory structure marked by cooperation and conversion towards common standards. However, despite the commendable progress made, Part II shows that the regulatory and supervisory system has not kept pace with the financial integration, and that the current crisis revealed substantial inadequacies of the present system. This paper will demonstrate that the weaknesses in the European financial regulatory and supervisory architecture acted both as contributing causes of the crisis, and as exacerbating factors. In particular the essay identifies three such shortcomings that aggravated the crisis, namely that the current system caused a breakdown in member state cooperation and coordination, that it is marked by inconsistency, and that it lacks a sufficiently developed EU-dimension. Lastly, Part III investigates the proposed regulatory and supervisory reforms that the de Larosière Report brought forth. The Report makes recommendations for extensive reform and it is submitted that not only are these reforms likely to cure many of the current cooperation and convergence problems, but they would also equip Europe with a partially centralised supervisory structure that would help prevent future crises of similar cataclysmic proportions.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: Distinction, University of Edinburgh (School of Law), course: EC Competition Law, language: English, abstract: Despite the ambitious efforts of Article 81 to catch as much anticompetitive conduct as possible through its broadly defined ¿agreements¿ and ¿concerted practices¿, the title statement is nevertheless correct in stating that genuinely unilateral conduct escapes its scope. By analysing the limitations of Articles 81 and 82 EC, Part 1 of the essay will establish what constitutes genuinely unilateral anticompetitive conduct that slips through the net of both Articles. However, it is not only the direct limitations of Article 81 that render it incapable of catching unilateral conduct, but also the problematic issue regarding the ¿exact delimitation of the concept of an ¿agreement¿ within the meaning of Art 81(1), and the distinction between such an agreement and unilateral conduct¿. This paper shares the view expressed in the title statement; Article 81 will require an amendment if it is to catch more unilateral conduct because its current flaws prevent it from achieving more. In order to justify this stance, this paper shall in Part 2 and Part 3 conduct a thorough investigation and evaluation of the legal evolution of how the European Courts and the Commission have determined where the borderline lies between unilateral conduct in vertical restraints and between an ¿agreement¿ within the meaning of Article 81. As will be shown, the EC institutions ¿ especially the Courts ¿ have recently become more restrictive in their definition of what constitutes an agreement under Article 81. This development has had the regrettable result of allowing even more unilateral conduct to go uncaught. As a result of both the direct limitations of the Articles and of the now more restricted definition applied to an agreement, an amendment of Article 81 is in fact the only way in which this unilateral anticompetitive behaviour could be brought within the scope of EC competition law. Lastly, the essay disagrees with the notion that the proposed amendment would have the effect of encroaching on the provisions of Article 82, as it would target only genuinely unilateral conduct which by definition also escapes the provisions of Article 82.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Ethics, Corporate Ethics, Comenius University in Bratislava, course: Business Ethics, language: English, abstract: But what happens if the developed advertising campaign perfectly attracts the aimed target group but coincidentally discriminates a vulnerable group Is it fine to make jokes based on elderly, printed on flyers which are thrown in every mailbox in the country How should advertisers behave This paper is going to examine some ethical claims and causes for thought in advertising ethics. It aims to assist advertisers in trying to behave as ethically as possible while struggling through the jungle of audience demands. In the first part some necessary theoretical definitions will be given. In the second and main part the ethical claims are described, subdivided in three key moral principles: Truthfulness, Dignity and Social Responsibility. In the last section an exemplary advertisement will be analyzed in order to show the work of seemingly ethics-unconscious advertisers.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 20 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Mathematics - Analysis, , language: English, abstract: This essay is a unique approach to Fourier's series and integral with complete proofs for all the topics discussed.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 1,7, University of Cologne, language: English, abstract: ¿Not everything that steps out of line, and thus ¿abnormal¿, must necessarily be ¿inferior¿¿ Hans Asperger (1938)Luisa is fifteen years old and a very pretty young girl. In school life, she takes the role of the friendly, shy and overly calm girl who especially flourishes when reciting verses by heart or when singing songs. In other situations, she stays very calm and sometimes even seems to be withdrawn from what is happening around her. If you spend more time together with her, you will notice how much she tries to be integrated in the social life around her, but also how she does not know how to go about it. When you talk to her, she rarely looks at her conversation partner and she often seems to answer inadequately to specific questions. Nevertheless, her vocabulary is very felicitous, although sometimes you feel like she actually does not want to listen to what you yourself have to tell.Luisa is diagnosed with high-functioning autism. A lack of social understanding, a limited ability in conducting a reciprocal conversation and a repetitive repertoire of interests are the main symptoms of high-functioning autism. I work with Luisa and many times, I had to experience a hindered communication due to her problems of understanding the meaning of what other people say, or how to use speech appropriately herself. This is why I chose this topic.The first part of this paper deals with the attempt to find a definition for Autism, Asperger Syndrome and High-functioning Autism. A general overview of the typical symptoms, diagnosis criteria and especially the difficulties in the prag-matic aspects of language shall be given. In the second part, the theoretical framework of this paper shall be explained. Relevance Theory and the Theory of Mind will be explained in more detail as they both might be able to explain at least some features of the language of individuals with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. The main part of this paper, however, is concerned with the pragmatic deficits in the language of people with Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism, exemplified and explained in more detail by means of several sample utterances.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Didactics - Business economics, Economic Pedagogy, grade: 1,0, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (Fachbereich 03: Rechts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Lst für Wirtschaftspädagogik), course: Seminar: Topical Aspects of the Intertwined International Economy, language: English, abstract: This seminar paper explains Markowitz's Portfolio Theory in a consolidated and understandable way. The principles of the Portfolio Theory are connected to the Financial Crisis that started as a bursting real-estate bubble in 2006. In this connection, it is shown that on the one hand the basic principles of Markowitz apply and might have helped to lower the extent of the crisis. On the other hand, the Risk-Return-Paradoxon which supported the evolution of the crisis is discussed.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 16 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Communications - Intercultural Communication, grade: 1,0, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) (Intercultural Management), course: Leadership. An alternate take, language: English, abstract: Day by day we are woken up by the alarm. The clock schedules our daily routine. Punctuality at work is emphasized. Deadlines are considered to be accomplished on time. The clock drives us to undertake a certain amount of tasks during the day. In Western societies time is considered as resource, which can be spent, saved or lost. Thus, it represents a force, which drives our lives. Timetables and calendars create the feeling of time pressure. This phenomenon implies a big gap between the time an individual lives and the one the same person feels inside like a body clock. Hence, especially in task-oriented management, issues concerning time occur. Furthermore, cultural differences cause a variation of time perceptions. In fact, social time, as a culturally determined interpretation of time, has a great impact on business culture. On the one hand, the sense of social time influences expatriate managers going overseas, who have to adapt the local time perception; on the other hand, it concerns leaders, who have to juggle with two time perceptions in order to organize cross-border collaborations. Punctuality serves as prime example for time perception. While in Western Europe timekeeping represents a virtue, in Southern Europe dates are treated rather flexible. The time perception of cultural groups varies even more. Monochronicity and polychronicity embody the main perspectives of time. Therefore, their origin and impact will be explained in general as well as in terms of managerial behaviour. After classifying the cultural clusters established by the GLOBE study, the example of the Confucian Asia will be contrasted with Western Europe. Further on, the case study of China serves as prime example of Confucian Asia to underline the influence of the local time perception on the present leadership style. Finally, a behavioural guideline for leaders concerning time perception shall create a harmonious overall picture of this work. Since this paper does not have the extent to scrutinize the influence of all cultural dimensions on leadership style, I chose the issue of time perception, because so far this aspect has been rather neglected in research. The following investigations are supposed to give a guideline to time awareness in general. By analysing the case of China, difficulties and potentials of varying time perceptions regarding managerial success shall be examined.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Document from the year 2011 in the subject Mathematics - General, Basics, , language: English, abstract: John Bredakis method and highways without speed limit.Cook book forumlas for integrals. A serious attempt to make my method and the gamma function accessible to anyone dealing with integral calculus. The bing bang derivation of innumerous mathematical formulas starting from elementary trigonometrie.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware - Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Didactics - French - Literature, Works, LMU Munich (Fakultaet fuer Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften), course: French - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, language: English, abstract: This approach may at first sight appear like a linguistic revolt or rebellion since it distorts and massacres the French vocabulary and grammar. The goal of Ahmadou Kourouma and his colleagues is to prove that the French language cannot open up the African Weltanschauung (World view). The truth is simply that the structure of the French language fails to describe and express the African thought. This is exactly what the Canadians, the Swiss and the Belgians observed that made them invent Canadian French, Swiss French, and Belgian French. Elsewhere in European Studies I have advocated this intercultural dialogue in German Studies (Germanistik and Interkulturelle Germanistik) as a way out in the poor performance of the dissemination of German language, literature and culture. Even in English, we have the Queens English, the American English and the African pidgin English. Africans can as well have African French. Each writer faced with the realities of myriads of African misery: Colonialism, slavery, neo - colonialism, civil and religious wars, cannot afford the luxury of l'Art pour l'Art. Ahmadou Kourouma has to use the French language to mobilize his people for a way forward. He needed to bear a genuine testimony to the situation of his people, but he could not achieve this mobilization of his uneducated people adequately faced with the dilemma of using a foreign language.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Document from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, printed single-sided, grade: 72, De Montfort University Leicester (De Montfort University Leicester UK), course: Strategic Management, language: English, abstract: This paper discusses the external economic factors affecting the strategic decision of airline industry and how this decision in turn, affect the market forecast of the aircraft manufacturing industry. Various business issues affect airlines operation either directly and indirectly, and these issues affect the strategic decision of the airline industry. The present economic crisis, instability in aviation fuel price, and environmental factors (such as the recent volcanic ashes and snow) has further shrunk business in the airline industry and thereby increasing competitive rivalry. Although the future projected growth by the airline industry look promising, factors affecting airline businesses can make it daunting. Strategic decisions however, will help the airlines to maximize this positive forecast. To make these decisions, it is vital for the origination to understand the macro-economic environment affecting the airline industry. [.]BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Scientific Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Law - Civil / Private, Trade, Anti Trust Law, Business Law, University of Edinburgh (School of Law), course: EC Competition Law, language: English, abstract: The first aim of this paper is to establish the Essential Facilities Doctrine¿s (EFD) undeniable existence in EC law and to determine how its application has evolved over time by analysing the relevant case law. By outlining the legal theory of the EFD, Part I shows that the Doctrine is a well-established competition law remedy within the refusal to supply framework of Article 82 EC. This paper argues that the EFD should be an exceptional measure, only applied after careful balancing of the dominant undertaking¿s freedom of contract and right to property against the potential benefits to consumer welfare. By investigating how the EFD has been applied practically in refusal to supply case law, the second half of Part I identifies the different criteria under which refusal to grant access to an essential facility was deemed to constitute an abuse, and concludes that the circumstances in which the EFD was initially applied were not consistent. It is submitted that it was not until the Bronner Judgment that the EU institutions began applying the EFD to refusal to supply cases within a coherent and sufficiently strict legal framework.Part II will deal with the second aim of this essay, namely to evaluate the legal evolution of the Doctrine¿s controversial application to Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs). Because compulsory licensing of IPRs can have grave negative repercussions on innovation and consumer welfare, this paper maintains that the EFD¿s application to IPRs should be exceptional and subject to the strictest of conditions. It accordingly supports the notion that IPRs require special deference in comparison to physical property rights, and notes that the EFD is applied to IPRs under stricter legal standards than when applied to other property rights. The second half of Part II investigates the Doctrine¿s application to refusal to licence cases. This paper identifies that there has recently been a significant and regrettable attenuation of the abovementioned stricter standards since the criteria of the exceptional circumstances test under which the EFD results in compulsory licensing have been indefensibly widened following the landmark Microsoft Judgment.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Company formation, Business Plans, grade: A, The University of Surrey, course: Business Strategy, language: English, abstract: This report conducts a competitive analysis of Europe¿s leading low-cost carrier Ryanair. For this purpose, various concepts and frameworks of the strategic paradigm are applied, such as Michael Porter¿s Five Forces and Value Chain Analysis, SWOT or Resource-Based View.When it comes to Ryanair¿s external environment the report provides extensive information on the external factors that are having a significant impact on Ryanair¿s low-cost strategy and its economic viability. For example, it takes into account recent global incidents, such as the volcanic eruption in Island or the public turmoil in Libya. Furthermore, based on the competitive analysis recommendations are made on Ryanair¿s future direction and as to how it can sustain and extend its strategic position. In particular, this part deals with strategic human resource management, corporate social responsibility, lean thinking and diversification. Due to the complexity of the aspects covered in this report and the need to clarify some of them more comprehensively, appendices are provided to promote understanding.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 44 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 67%, University of Westminster (Westminster Business School), course: Financial Derivatives, language: English, abstract: ¿A credit default swap (CDS) is a bilateral agreement designed explicitly to shift credit risk between two parties. In a CDS, one party (protection buyer) pays a periodic fee to another party (protection seller) in return for compensation for default (or similar credit event) by a reference entity¿.Credit Default Swaps (CDS) are by far the most popular credit derivatives and have proven to be the most successful financial innovation. The structure of CDS is somewhat similar to the insurance policy. The market of CDS has heavily expanded and is traded in Over-The-Counter (OTC) market.This essay will briefly address the structure and the market of CDS, outlining its common products usage by some large institutions. Following the review of financial structure and pricing of CDS. And finally, this essay will also evaluate the risk management and investment applications of such products.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 32 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Literature, Works, grade: 3,5, The Karkonosze State Higher School in Jelenia Góra (Kolegium Karkonoskie), course: Foreign Languages - Fantasy Literature, language: English, abstract: This paper is an attempt to discuss and analyse the movie adaptation of C. S. Lewis¿s The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe directed by Andrew Adamson and produced by Walt Disney in collaboration with Walden Media.In the following pages, a perspective of division into three parts will be proposed. The aim of such approach is to have a more accurate understanding of Lewis¿s life, his literary legacy, with special attention to the Chronicles of Narnia series, and, finally, the production of the movie based on the Lewis¿s children¿s fantasy.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 40 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Art - Installation / Action/Performance Art / Modern Art, grade: 1,0, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), course: Performing Arts and Spectacles in a Contemporary Multicultural World , language: English, abstract: A woman is sitting on a chair. 7 hours a day. Almost 3 months.What is this about The description is confusing. The simplicity stumps the spectator, and meanwhile arouses the curiosity what could be behind that simple concept.1.565 persons sat in front of Marina Abramovi¿, getting an impression of the spectacle, and much more persons even just watched the whole scenario. But what is it exactly that catches our intention, that brought so many journalists and the media in motion to speak and write about it Is it simply our curiousness or is there something more deep and secret to be seen.What is a body, even a body that is not moving, just sitting, possible to tell us How is it transporting the things it want to say, or the mind behind the body intends to tell. And how can we understand the speech we are going to see ¿My work became through times more simple and thus more difficult. Three months keeping that mental status, face to face with the public, feels like opening your soul.¿Marina Abramovi¿Maybe it is that citation that sets an inkling of what is happening through this piece of performance. There is a human being, opening its soul in the middle of New York, a city with 8 million inhabitants, more than 20 different nations, 12 languages and a status that we can call multiethnic megacity, a symbol for a globalised world that opens its limits and seems to become one fast and continuous movement.The following paper tries to analyse the performance piece The Artist is Present by Marina Abramovi¿ in context to our contemporary multicultural world, its forces and debilities, considering to contemporary aims and changes as the meaning of time, presence, humanity and the sense of human being in a complex system regarding the performance art history and intentions.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 28 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 2,0, RWTH Aachen University, language: English, abstract: Due to the shift from seller to buyer markets in recent times, where instead of productivity and cost efficiency now other goals like quality, time and flexibility become more important, firms have to react. Furthermore, availability of modern information and communication technologies, notably the internet and the resulting market transparency enhances the bargaining power of customers. Along with globalization, shorter product life cycles, a wide variety of variants and increasing market saturation firms are confronted with highly competitive global markets. Therefore, it is all the more crucial that companies distinguish themselves in the market to succeed. An extremely important point in this context is the ability of firms to innovate. Only with innovative and marketable products a company can survive in a market in the long-term. To ensure innovativeness that is strongly linked with competitive advantage, sustainability and long term profitability firms are increasingly in search of new sources.Customer co-creation, customer integration, user innovation, open innovation and mass customization are just some terms behind which a new paradigm in technology and innovation management is hidden. The accurate umbrella-term for all these concepts is ¿interactive value creation¿. Firms, most notably in the last four decades , recognized that external actors, especially customers and users, are a crucial source for innovative knowledge. Accordingly interactive value creation means the active integration of customers and users in the value creation process within a firm, so far mainly performed internally. In this regard, interactive value creation is primarily divided in two basic types: open innovation and mass customization (product individualization). Whereas, put simply, open innovation targets the innovation of new products by opening the innovation process to external actors, mass customization implies the development of individualized products. Within this thesis the focus lies particularly on mass customization.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 24 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Forschungsarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich Weltgeschichte - Frühgeschichte, Antike, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Am 28. Oktober 2012 werden die Freunde Konstantins I. die hundertjährige Wiederkehr der Schlacht an der Milvischen Brücke (Rom) feiern. Am Vorabend dieses Tages, respektive in der Nacht vor der Schlacht, soll Konstantin eine Kreuzerscheinung ('in diesem Zeichen siege') gehabt und dadurch erkannt haben, dass sein bisheriger göttlicher Wegbegleiter, der Sonnengott Sol, ihm nicht mehr den Sieg garantieren könne. Und so habe er sich, wie die damaligen christlichen Berichterstatter und eine Anzahl moderner Althistoriker zu berichten wissen, dem christlichen Gott zugewandt.Das klingt zwar ein wenig merkwürdig, denn immerhin ist der Kaiser bisher unter dem Schutz heidnischer Götter von Sieg zu Sieg geeilt, auch ist der christliche Gott innerhalb der christlichen Gemeinden noch heftig umstritten und daher vermutlich wenig attraktiv, gleichwohl meinen die meisten Althistoriker, Konstantins Bekehrung zum Christentum sei ein 'weltgeschichtliches Ereignis' gewesen. Und so feiern sie den Herrscher in regelmäßigen Publikationen und ehrfurchtsvollen Ausstellungen als ¿ersten christlichen Kaiser¿ und auch der Vatikan mag nicht nachstehen und gedenkt seiner in prachtvollen Gemälden im Sala di Constantino des Vatikanischen Palastes.Aber die ¿konstantinische Wende¿ ist keine. ¿Christlich¿ im Sinne des trinitarischen Christentums war der Kaiser nie, die ¿konstantinische Wende¿ ist eine Legende.Der folgende Text faßt die Ergebnisse einer vorbereitenden Detailstudie zusammen, die für das umfassende Werk ¿Kaiser Konstantin und die wilden Jahre des Christentums. Die Legende vom ersten christlichen Kaiser¿ benötigt wurde. (ISBN 978 86569 064 7, 350 S., Aschaffenburg 2010. Dort auch detaillierte Quellen- und Literaturnachweise.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Proyecto de Trabajo del año 2011 en eltema Economía de las empresas - Administración de empresas, gestión, organización, Nota: 1,3, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Idioma: Español, Resumen: Es geht hier um die Komplette Planung eines Events. Von der Planung und der Vermarktung des Kongresses bis hin zu den Einladungen und Unterkünften sowie Anreisen wird ein minuziöser Tagesablauf mit den Kongressteilnehmern dargestellt.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Spanisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Anthology from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, , language: English, abstract: Der Sammelband enthält die insgesamt 21 Beiträge von syrischen und deutschen Wissenschaftlern, die sich zu Aspekten des syrisch-deutschen Handels äußern. Alle Vorträge wurden im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Workshops der Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal und der Arab-European-University (AEU) im September 2009 vorgestellt, teilweise heftig diskutiert und später weiter überarbeitet.Dadurch verzögerte sich die Fertigstellung dieses Sammelbandes, spiegelt aber dadurch den aktuellen Stand wider.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 220 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: A, The University of Surrey, course: Operations Management and Business Strategy, language: English, abstract: This paper seeks to compare and contrast the differences in the way manufacturing firms and service firms operate. For this purpose the paper conducts a comparative analysis of the operations strategy of Toyota, the world¿s leading car manufacturer and Ryanair, Europe¿s leading low-cost airline. Firstly, it will be dealt with the competitive factors both companies need to excel at in order to gain competitive edge and sustain economic viability from a long-term perspective. Secondly, it will outline the major aspects that enable both companies to succeed in a highly competitive and dynamic business environment. In particular, it will draw on key components of successful operations strategies, such as process design, human resource management, innovation management, supply chain management and quality management. Finally, the paper concludes by summing up the key points and highlighting the respective implications. In addition, the paper provides a more comprehensive strategic analysis of Ryanair¿s low-cost strategy in the appendix in order to promote understanding.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Topic: Development Politics, grade: 1,0, Free University of Berlin (Otto-Suhr Institut für Politikwissenschaft), language: English, abstract: How can new governance arrangements such as public-private partnerships contribute to business regulation in developing economies More specifically, which governance instruments are best suited to make domestic for-profit actors comply with social standards Seeking to address these broader questions, this study opens with a puzzle of varying degrees of labour standard compliance across Asiäs garment economies. Whereas problems with labour standards persist throughout the region, evidence points to improved compliance in Cambodiäs garment sector. This improvement is supposed to be due to an innovative policy project called Better Factories Cambodia, which involves public and private actors from different levels to induce compliance in an extremely difficult environment. Drawing on compliance theory, the study advances the hypothesis that this success is due to a combination of management and enforcement instruments. A comparison of Cambodiäs and Bangladesh¿s garment sectors and a process analysis of the causal mechanisms in operation verify this complementary-compliance-hypothesis. Thereby, the study lays a foundation for future theory-guided research on business regulation through new modes of governance.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, Oxford Brookes University, language: English, abstract: Global markets are changing faster than ever and increasing international competition makes it necessary for managers to understand not only the domestic culture but also the host country¿s culture.Derived from globalisation, successful cross-cultural management is gaining in importance and its need for understanding of cultural differences becomes essential. Because of this it is argued that, with the increasing importance of a cross-cultural understanding, Hofstede¿s (1980) model of cultural dimensions gains proportional importance and attracts notice at the same time. His study is widely used in global operating organisations within trainings and workshops. The first step of effective cross-cultural management is the awareness that cultural differences exist and domestic strategies might fail in host countries.Even though, Hofstede¿s (1980) cultural study is the most important one and widely known, there are many other cultural studies, which are only partly supporting his study. For each and every model of cultural identifications arouse praise and criticism and Hofstede was not spared by criticism. The main criticism refers to the methodology Hofstede used and many authors questioned its validity and reliability. Another major critique is that the nearly 40-years old survey findings are out-dated and not of any modern value anymore. Addressing the elaborated criticisms from the literature, a personal replication study within the two countries of Germany and the UK is undertaken in order to evaluate the validity, reliability and applicability in the 21st century. This study has developed own dimension scores for Masculinity/ Femininity (MAS) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) for Germany and the UK and compared and evaluated these with Hofstede¿s findings. The findings of this study vary from Hofstede¿s findings, as according to this study the UK is more masculine and has a higher Uncertainty Avoidance score than Germany. These findings do not support Hofstede¿s findings and further cultural research is recommended.BoD - Books on Demand, In de Tarpen 42, 22848 Norderstedt 152 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2011 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, University of Kassel (Research Group Entrepreneurship), language: English, abstract: Independent Venture Capital (IVC) has been paramount in the emergence of the information technology industry in both the United States and Europe. There are relatively few large global information technology companies in Europe. A widening gap is observable in the success rate of IVC backed start-ups between the U.S. and Europe in the information technology industry. This difference could be attributable to the differences in the venture capital financing of start-ups in the U.S., UK, Germany and France. This book deals with 'Differences in Venture Capital Financing of U.S., UK, German and French Information Technology Start-ups'. The comparative analysis is conducted on a microeconomic level (managerial venture capital research), i.e. on the venture capital firm level.The differences are analyzed for the whole venture capital investment cycle: contact phase, initial screening phase, due diligence phase, deal structuring and negotiation phase, management phase ¿ value adding services, and exit phase. The research framework model examines the following differences in the venture capital investment cycle: average size of investment in the seed stage, average size of investment in the start-up stage, aver-age size of investment in the growth stage, percentage of start-ups in pre-revenue phase at time of investment, percentage of start-ups not managed by founders but experienced managers, percentage of investment in start-ups with me-too products, percentage of mar-ket analysis due diligence done informal, typical liquidation preference multiple, percent-age syndicated exits that are outperformers, number of tranches per investment round, number of board seats per partner and the cash multiple X that defines an outperformer. The empirical research work is based on an extensive scientific online questionnaire with VCs in the U.S., UK, Germany and France. Before the online questionnaire was drafted, a preliminary face-to-face expert interview was conducted with 24 VCs in Silicon Valley, London, Paris, Hamburg, Berlin and Munich. The primary data collected in the questionnaire served as basis for quantitative parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis.The book is bespokenly written for decision makers in the venture capital industry in the U.S, UK, Germany and France; all entrepreneurs and professionals who want to under-stand the economics and mechanics of venture capital term sheet clauses; venture capital industry professionals; VC associationsBooks on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 300 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Bachelor Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Politics - Topic: German Foreign Policy, grade: A, University of Malta, course: B.A. (Hons.) International Relations, language: English, abstract: In global affairs, the issue of poverty alleviation has intensified the question over foreign aid. Both the North and the South have their responsibilities in allowing the gap between them to widen, and this global issue worsening. However, dominant countries are able to dictate and influence international relations so as to enhance their interests. Less powerful countries on the other hand remain in a dependent position, having little choice but to accept the conditions set, while they also seek to secure their interests.In the context of this paper, the aim is to illustrate how foreign aid to Africa has been a global foreign policy tool for Germany. Foreign aid has allowed the growth of German markets for its exports, and thus boosting its economic status at a global level. Foreign aid has also provided employment for those working in the international development cooperation sector. Hence by becoming a powerful economic player, Germany has also gradually increased its status as a global political player. Within the context of global security challenge, foreign aid has also been used as a global foreign policy tool in the context of fighting poverty and the promotion of democracy under the banner of good governance. Foreign aid has also helped in promoting local projects in the developing countries, where for instance German environmental expertise remains necessary. However, the poverty plight has worsened over the last decades, and this thus questions the use for foreign aid. Radical critics argue that it has not been effective in developing Africa but rather contributes to its continuous dependency and hinders genuine economic development. And it has been sadly furthering the process of poor subsidizing the rich through the South-North flows. Ultimately, only time may improve the situation of global inequality, through all ongoing projects. The North-South gap however ultimately seems to have become a spiraling cycle with foreign aid considered the ultimate cure for all ills of the South. However, a status quo has been established in the global economy and it would be difficult and would take a long time to change it. Any recommendation would therefore be for fairer trade and the continuing efforts towards improving the situation in the South through sustainable projects with the environment as a major consideration.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 148 pp. Englisch.