lap lambert academic publishing nov 2010 (Mehr als 1.900 Ergebnisse)

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Inspired by widespread convergent phenomena, this book attempts to study translation from the perspective of global convergence. With concrete examples of both linguistic and cultural convergence, the interdependent relationships respectively between language and culture and between translation and convergence are explored as prerequisites for elaborating on the focal theme. Then, based on an irresistible tendency of convergence and worldwide linguistic and cultural crises, the book goes a step further to focus on analyzing proper cross-culture translation strategies by putting forward relevant translation principles and detailed translation techniques with vivid examples. For better understanding and further reference, major factors influencing the choice of translation strategies are illustrated and the translator is suggested to make a cautious and comprehensive decision of the most practical approach. The research should be especially useful to those who are interested or engaged in translation studies.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 100 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Compared to their parents¿ times, the children of today have access to a much broader range of media outlets and technological tools. In such an environment, they are creating their own realities by being in constant contact with the media. In order to be able to access, analyze, interpret and produce the complex forms of media texts in the 21st century, the citizens of today need to develop multiple skills and competencies, including media literacy. This research, aimed at analyzing the K-12 curriculum documents of the three pioneering countries in media literacy namely, Australia, Canada, and Britain, in addition to the leading theories developed in this field, gives the first example of an international comparative analysis to find the problematic aspects in the Turkish curriculum and offer proposals for change. This research should be especially useful to professionals and academics doing research in this field as well as teachers and administrators of the media literacy programs in the world.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book assesses whether or not microcredit programs of FINCA International are empowering women clients and their households in Malawi and Zambia. The study set out to determine if any major changes, partial changes or no changes have occurred on women clients and their households, businesses and communities, because of clients'' participation in FINCA program. Study participants were women clients under the Village Bank and Loan Officers. This book argues that the FINCA microcredit program has enabled women clients attain some important levels of empowerment, and improve their wellbeing. The program has also benefited clients'' households, businesses, and communities. However, some clients have not benefited much from this program. It also argues that the FINCA program has not enabled women clients attain other levels of empowerment, due, in part, to its shortcomings, and challenges it is facing. It further contends that differing program impacts exist among clients, households and businesses; but beneficiary communities have benefited similarly. It also unravels the workings of the current stiff competition and scramble for clients among MFIs in Malawi and Zambia.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The Author shows the classification of international accounting systems, harmonization and standardization process. The unified accounting information system will lead to new types of analysis and data; furthermore, with the possible integration of new indicators from the practice of certain countries. Some economic characteristics and affects of international accounting standards are compared, measured and valued inside and outside of the European Union using mathematical-statistical methods. The results of applied regression model support that the greater demand for more informative and conservative accounting earnings due to performance evaluations at more widely held by businesses stimulating to adopt international accounting standards. Businesses with lower labor productivity compared to their industry peers have greater incentives to follow accounting standardization. The increase in the sensitivity of turnover to accounting performance post-adoption is primarily driven by heightened turnover sensitivity to accounting losses. The empirical results can be the author''s suggestions for business management.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The 1994 genocide in Rwanda led to the collapse of the existing order in the country and gave rise to a pressing need to restore peace and order. Months after the genocide ended, the UN Security Council following the invitation of the Rwandan government established the ICTR to prosecute the main perpetrators responsible. This however left a big gap of other participants in the genocide not covered by the ICTR still needing to be tried, yet the country''s judicial system was not in a position to handle the volumes of cases. As a result, in 1999 Rwanda proposed a new system named Gacaca based on the indigenous models of local justice to deal with the bulk of the cases. It was also an aim of Gacaca to promote confessions from perpetrators and forgiveness from survivors. This thesis will primarily consider the varying prosecution processes, their achievements and hardships thereby discussing the attainment of justice following the aftermath of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. We will analyse in depth the means used by the ICTR and Gacaca to attain of justice for acts of genocide. We will conclude by making observations as to whether the objectives of justice have actually been met.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -As a result of constant and overwhelming exposure to the modern consumer, traditional advertising has endured intense scrutiny due to its intrusive nature. It has therefore become necessary to be innovative in enticing and involving the consumer. Personalized advertising is a recently developed platform that can revolutionize the manner in which individuals are approached and in turn lead to a paradigm shift in the way advertising is developed. This paper presents the cutting-edge approach of personalization in interactive media utilizing a format which draws upon information such as demographics, psychographics, personal preferences, consumer clustering, and new opportunities in mobile space to create an advertisement targeted and tailored to individual consumers. In this context, this paper will initially discuss issues related to the provision and implementation of personalized advertising in mediums such as the Web, digital TV and mobile phones. Subsequently,personal research conducted via a statistical survey will analyze and comprehend the consumer¿s attitude towards this development.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The Porong Mud Volcano in Sidoarjo represents a major environmental and social disaster in Indonesia. In order to mitigate the negative impact of the Mud eruption government set up some policies. However those policies that are set up still cannot fulfill community satisfaction especially for the victims. Policies that cannot achieve community expectation are a sign that there are missing links in the mitigation and redevelopment plan mechanism. Therefore this book trying to gave suggestions for bridge the community needs and the government desires in mitigating the disaster.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Post-capitalist declarations aside, Venezueläs President Hugo Chávez and Bolivian President Evo Morales have both recently introduced their own state-run microfinance banks. To fully grasp the nature of the Bolivarian Revolution¿s 'new' social economic paradigm, it is first necessary though to consider how and why capitalist systems differ in an institutional manner. Accordingly, the following research will employ a French Regulation School theoretical scope, which offers a holistic, systematic approach for explaining productive logics, in particular, capitalist evolution or non-evolution over time. Attempts to classify the diverse nature of capitalist varieties in today¿s neoliberal era have, in fact, largely ignored the Third World experience. By mapping the interactions between growth patterns, institutional compromises and social norms underpinning periods of capitalist stability in Latin America, this paper will move beyond current theorization on the historical trajectory of capitalism to identify a hybrid, rentier growth model.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Increasing globalization has brought academics and practitioners to study national cultures in management. Likewise,the trend towards running business through projects has brought broader perspectives such as national cultures into project management. Recent academic literature demonstrated that national culture has a major impact on management practices. However,the element of national culture is elusively described in the project management field. No extensive tests were found on the comparison of the project planning among countries,which could help to establish relationship between national cultures and project planning capabilities. Therefore, using GLOBE study to capture national cultures and Project Management Planning Quality(PMPQ) model to capture project planning approach and organizational planning support,this book compares national culture, project planning and organizational project planning support across four different countries: Malaysia,Japan,Sweden and Israel. It answers questions about the relevance of national culture to project planning and concludes with implications to project managers.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book is about the stance the predominant West has taken against terrorism and the legislation passed in order to combat this threat. It also exposes the flawed politics behind the passing of such legislation with a strong focus on America and the United Kingdom. This book is divided in three sections; ''The Historical Era'', ''The Contemporary Era'' and ''The Future Era'' all of which attempt to deduce whether or not the U.S. can be classed as a terrorist state, using its very own definitions as to what a terrorist is and what would be classed as terrorism. The main research into this area of discussion has come from two leading commentators from the opposite sides of the spectrum. Philip Bobbitt argues on behalf of America and her actions as found in his book; ¿Terror and Consent: The Wars for the Twenty-first Century'' whereas Noam Chomsky argues against America and her actions as found in his book; ¿9-11''. Never have these two leading authors, and political figures ever been opposed against one another in this manner, creating an interesting chemistry between the two.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Situated far to the south of Algeria at some 600 Km from the capital Algiers, the Southern cities have long endured the hard climate and isolation of living on the edges of the vast Sahara desert. But in the last half century, mainly due to the discovery of oil in 1956, these cities have experienced a population and economic boom, paid for in rapidly increasing urbanization and the harm of the environment. The oases in Ghardaia suffer from urban sprawl and the loss of agricultural land and date farms, the pollution of water resources, and many other negative environmental impacts. The author expands on the earlier studies by presenting an in depth study of the problems facing the M''zab valley today, covering not only its unique features as an oasis city, but also offering fresh analysis of the sprawl phenomena, especially since the 80s. The research presents the historical process of urban sprawl in the M''zab valley, and offers a spatial analysis using the Geographical Information System (GIS), with graphic toolbox and 3-dimensional visualizations and offers a record of the impact of an industrial society on the traditional way of life in the M''zab valley.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Land degradation and soil erosion are significant environmental problems affecting agricultural productivity and livelihood in Malawi. A number of soil fertility improvement technologies are being promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture and non governmental organization, in order to improve agricultural productivity and food security. In spite of the growing awareness of low cost soil fertility technologies, the rate of adoption and continued use of the technologies remain limited. The thesis examines farmer''s perception of the current level of soil fertility and factors effecting farmers use of different soil fertility improvement technologies, using example of farmers from Machinga and Zomba Districts, in Malawi. The results provide insights for designing appropriate strategies, policies and programmes aimed at promoting adoption of soil fertility improvement technologies.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Over the last few years it seems that the tendency in international relations leads to regionalization. With the European Union as the champion of Integration, other projects and blocs of regional integration have emerged. Of all these projects, it is that of MERCOSUR that has taken on the most ambitious and far reaching goals, coming closer than any other to the European integration experience. The Southern bloc intends to create a common market, while controlling or regulating many spheres of the former exclusive domains of the Nation State such as cultural and economical aspects. On the other hand, some experts assure that the integration process in MERCOSUR is submerged in a political crisis that is leading to its decline. Many advocate for the need to reshape its institutional design to keep it from falling apart. This book procures to shed light on the integration process of MERCOSUR. Its goal is to determine whether the conditions given in MERCOSUR correspond to those needed to make the European project of integration advance to its current status quo. That is, whether the European model of integration can in fact be 'exported' and applied to this context.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -It is a well documented finding in finance theory that share prices drift in the direction of firms'' unexpected earnings changes, a phenomenom known as post-earnings announcement drift, or earnings momentum. In this book, I study the stock prices'' reaction to firms'' quarterly earnings announcements. The book shows that the timeframe in which the drift occurs is related to the size of a firm and is limited in time after the earnings announcement. I further analyze the effect of the number of analysts covering a firm on the magnitude and persistance of post-earnings announcement drift. I document that recent analyst coverage predicts large drifts after the earnings announcements. I suggest several possible explanations, but the evidence seems most consistent with recent analyst coverage providing information about investor (or analyst) expectations regarding firm''s future earnings. This book should be useful to professionals in Financial Economics, especially to those interested in Behavioral Finance in stock markets, but also to equity analysts, traders or investors interested in the stocks'' response to earnings news.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 92 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book presents the hot topic of microfinance, comparing the success of microfinance institutions across two geographic regions: Africa and Asia (specifically sub-Saharan Africa [SSA] and south Asia). The success of a microfinance institution is defined by its outreach and sustainabilty, which indicate social and economic performance as well as impact. Looking more closely at poverty issues, sub-Saharan Africa poverty has essentialy doubled to 380 million (more than the U.S. population) over 20 years despite many political and economic attempts to restore economic growth. Comparing reforms taken by China and Vietnam that resulted in large and sustainable reductions in poverty, this book argues that sub-Saharan Africa has much larger issues outside of access to credit by the poor that hinder economic development. While microfinance shows to have played a role in smoothing consumption, it has not shown increased entrepreneurship or self-sufficiency and has not affected aggregate poverty levels at all.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The study describes the use of contingent valuation to estimate economic value of consumptive Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), availability, types and uses among rural residents adjacent to half mile strip in Rombo district (Kilimanjaro - Tanzania). The use of contingent valuation in estimating economic value of NTFPs offer an insight on the potential for a wider use of the methodology in evaluating environmental amenities.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The study evaluates the impact of rape on the health status and the social life of the rape victims from the Rwandan Genocide. Focusing on a total of 50 victims supported by Avega the study describes types of rape experienced by women, assesses the physical, psychological and social consequences on the survivors, the efforts made by AVEGA to assist and reintegrate victims of rape into society and finally recommends additional ways to help the rape victims to cope with their present predicament. The study finds out that the health status of almost all respondents is affected by rape: HIV/AIDS, physical disability, a lack of education and unemployment has seriously affected their lives. Poverty, disconnection from their most intimate, a profound loss of identity and social rejection characterize most of the victims. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is common in rape-affected communities. The victims are often not able to cope with their present life situation. The research concludes that the rape victims should be considered for medical and financial assistance according to their individual needs, including free and available access to treatment for HIV/AIDS and other diseases.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -How do institutions affect the ability of voters to ¿vote correctly ¿ A voter makes a correct vote when he or she successfully votes for the party or candidate that best represents his or her fully informed preferences. While ideally all votes would be correct, voters face limits to their ability to process the information necessary to make fully informed decisions. Individuals use a number of heuristics to manage these limitations. Previous research on correct voting in the United States has shown that the effectiveness and accuracy of these heuristics is affected by a number of factors including certain voter characteristics and the political environment of an election. This book expands on this research by examining correct voting in three European contexts ¿ the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the European Union ¿ to see what effect the institutional environment of an election (i.e., a majoritarian or proportional electoral system) has on the level of correct voting.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Mikhail Gorbachev''s visions of a reformulated Soviet Union encompassing glasnost, perestroika and The New Thinking after the abrupt departure of the ailing Konstantin Chernenko revolutionized Soviet foreign policy and the CPSU as well. Though mentored by the infamous Yuri Andropov, Gorbachev was not a product of the Great Patriotic War but rather a new-age Russian technocrat who realized that the experiment of the CPSU was coming to a close. He could not anticipate that he would unleash a dynamic torrent of unintended consequences that would cause the implosion of the entire Soviet Union and its satellite system transforming the Russian experiment in socialism to a new phase of experimental engagement with western-style democracy. Students of the political dynamics of the Russian empire will observe the evolutionary nature of the transition that the visionary Gorbachev precipitated. Historians and comparative political scientists will understand the gravity and important implications that this dramatic twist in Russian political history has wrought and the continued dramatic changes in store for the Medvedev-Putin siloviki administration in the current nationalized Russian state.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book begins with a look at the evolution of Malawi Prison Service since the British colonial rule. It then focuses on human rights situation in prisons from independence (1964) through one party rule to multi-party dispensation (1994 to 2005). The book argues that during the one party era prisoners were subjected to torture, brutal treatments, or even killed. Female prisoners suffered sexual abuse and rape, some of which resulted in pregnancies. The book further argues that although some scholars brand a period from 1964 to 1994 with negativity, they fail to recognize that essential needs of prisoners were met, because they concentrated their work on political prisoners and not the general prison population. The book also argues that stakeholders in ¿prison reform'' during multiparty era have concentrated their efforts on civic educating inmates on their rights, encouraging prison officers to observe human rights, and offering paralegal services, while ignoring very important areas such as provision of accommodation, food and health care, which also constitute rights of prisoners. The prison is also yet to fully change from being a punitive centre to a reformatory institution.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The aim of this book is to compare the portrayal of the British Royal Family in the media and those in the film- making industry. The author is interested in the twentieth century and the present. The attention focuses on several members of the Royal Family and events which have been reported by film makers. After the introductory chapter, there is the chapter including facts such as the list of British rulers of the twentieth century, a period of their reign, their interest mainly in a political domain as well as information about their family lives. In the next chapters, the author concentrates on the comparison. Each chapter is subdivided into several subcategories. Each of them is devoted to a particular member of the Royal Family or to events significant for them. At the end of each chapter, there is a summary of results of the comparisons.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 36 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The European Union is working together to regulate the export and transfer of strategic goods from EU countries, in order to prevent misuse of these goods. The decision-making process on a improved regime in the form of a Common Position status of the framework was bocked by a view Member States for a long time. This research analyses why some Member States bocked the decision-making process. The preferences of two Member States on the Common Position status are central in this analysis. The main theory used to do a case study research is based on the theory of Milner, which she represents in her book ¿Interest, institutions, and information¿. The case study research on France and the United Kingdom illustrates how the theory of Milner can be applied on decision-making within the European Union. The results of this research shows the possibilities and limitation of an applied version of this theory.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Ever since the establishment of the international criminal court most of the persons implicated by the Court have been from Africa leaving most people wondering whether the International Criminal Court was established purposely for Africa. The book reviews the considerations by the Office of the Prosecutor in determining who and when to prosecute. The book also looks into the political challenges faced with regard to Security Council referrals and how they are wont to undermine the neutrality and credibility of the Court. Further more the fact that certain powerful states chose to undermine the ICC by not becoming signatories, one wonders whether or not the role of the ICC was rendered obsolete. This Book provides a critical analysis into the above and other allegations attacking the credibility of this permanent international court. The book concludes by proposing necessary recommendations for a more credible International court dispensing international criminal justice indiscriminately.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Energy security in Europe is one of the most important issues for sustainable development. Having no or only limited energy resources, most European countries are in need of oil and natural gas supplies. However, heavy demand for natural gas from Russia makes the majority of EU Member States absolutely dependent on Russian gas. This sometimes brings unfavorable consequences and drives the EU to search for such alternative sources as Central Asia. This book contains three interconnected chapters which study the partnership between the EU, Russia, and Central Asia and analyzes future perspectives for cooperation especially in the field of natural gas supply. Furthermore, the book reveals the benefits and obstacles deriving from the interests of each, thus creating a picture of possible collaboration between them. Besides, the author use clear, plain language so as to help the reader better understand the matter.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Public scandals surrounding charitable nonprofit organizations have increased public scrutiny and criticism which resulted in an increased demand for accountability of charities and other nonprofit organizations. Reporting performance is necessary in order to be accountable for the organizations'' performance. Performance reporting is more difficult in nonprofit organizations than in for-profit organizations since no profitability information can be communicated. Nonprofits tend to focus on other concepts to define performance; mainly efficiency, effectiveness and social value. The main theory on nonprofit performance is described in the Organizational Effectiveness literature. Impact assessment has been suggested as a way to measure nonprofit organizational performance. This concept is related to the effectiveness concept of goal attainment, but goes one step further and focuses on impact rather than mere outcomes. In this research a first attempt is made to measure the impact of a specific Dutch nonprofit organization, the Netherlands Heart Foundation. The impact is estimated on the costs related to AMI patients in the working population.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Over the last three decades there has been growing interest of scientists to examine household demand for renewable energies and its link with health, environment and various other socio-economic factors. Most of the pioneer studies proposed energy ladder hypothesis. However, most recently this traditional hypothesis has been refuted by growing empirical studies particularly in developing countries. This is because households are stacked at consuming both inferior and advanced fuels with the progress in their income. Hence, there must be other dictating factors which interplay to determine fuel choice of households. So, this study attempted to test the two hypotheses for rural households of Ethiopia. The study should therefore provide crucial insights for interested researchers on the subject matter.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The HIV epidemic is a new, complex challenge in the world today. AIDS is not simply a health issue but a general development concern above all else. It is a social and economic threat in countries where it is rampant. Its health impact is revealed in its association with morbidity and mortality. The increasing number of people, mostly healthy productive young men and women dying daily is causing concern. This book addresses the challenges of HIV and AIDS epidemic.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -The current situation of dispossession of the Ogiek from their land in Mau Forest, Kenya is the result of the adoption of the State¿s land and other policies that are similar to those adopted by the colonialist more than a century ago. In response the Ogiek have instituted several cases through the Kenya courts in an effort to once again access their ancestral lands. Not only has the Kenya government introduced land policies that have greatly affected the way of life of the Ogiek, it has also failed to meet its obligations at the national and international level in response to protecting the human rights of indigenous people. In light of this, this paper attempts to demonstrate analytically how some historical and modern socio-political dynamics have continued to systematically deprive the Ogiek of their land and to assess the extent to which the platform on indigenous rights has helped them in their struggle for their land.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -This book analyzes the factors that affected the development of the banking sector in Latin America from 1850 to 1930. One of the most striking features of Latin America during this period was the very limited extent of banking development. Perhaps the most common explanation for some Latin American countries is that restrictive bank laws established high barriers to entry and discouraged the formation of banks and the provision of banking services. In this book, however, I show that liberal bank laws did not necessarily lead to highly developed banking systems, and that a low demand for banking services was a significant cause for the stunted development of the banking sector in most of Latin America during this era. Using annual data for seven Latin American countries for this period, I find that the long-run supply of banking services largely responded to changes in the demand for banking services. Country-case studies for Argentina and Peru strongly support these findings. In these two countries, the banking sector responded to the demand for banking sector by opening bank offices and providing banking services in response to positive demand shocks.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 120 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Neuware -Recent past events in France such as the riots in the suburbs or the rise of the extreme-right, have highlighted the uneasiness in relations between immigrants and local. The integration of immigrants as well as the preservation of a french 'patrimoine' show the duality and the complexity of the debate about immigration. France singular political system based on the concept of equality, unity of the people and laicity, just to quote some features, is to be challenged and the question to be asked is wether or not the difficulties encountered in the integration of immigrants in France is link to this republican model The comparison with its 'opposite' model the multicultural model will give some answers to the question.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.